Condillac research group, LISTIC Lab, University Savoie Mont-Blanc. KETRC, Liaocheng University.
The TAO CI (“ceramic” in English) ontology focuses on the Chinese Ceramic of the Ming and Qing dynasties. It aims to provide a model (ontology) to open, publish, and link data of Chinese ceramics onto the Semantic Web for Chinese museums and anyone interested in it.
version 1.0
belong to
It is the relation between emperor and dynasty. Such as, Kangxi belongs to Qing dynasty.
depend on
It is the relation between essential characteristic that is dependence relation.
has component
It is relation between vessel and component. It is used to predicate the component.
has dynasty
It is the relation between vessel and dynasty. It is used to predicate the dynasty.
has emperor
It is the relation between vessel and emperor. It is used to predicate the emperor.
has function
It is the relation between the vessel and function.
has glaze-color
It is the relation between ceramic vessel and glaze and color.
is component of
It is the inverse function that is with 'has component'.
is depended on
It is inverse functional with 'depend on'.
is fired at
It is the relation between ceramic vessel and temperature. It is used to predicate the temperature.
is made of
It is used to predicate the material. It is the relation between vessel and material.
diameter of foot
It is used to express the diameter of the foot.
diameter of mouth
It is used to express the mouth diameter.
height
It is used to express the vessel height.
is collected in
It is used to express in which museum the vase is collected.
is decorated by
It is used to describe the decoration of the vessel.
is produced in
It is used to express which kiln is the vase produced in.
number of belly
It is used to express the number of the belly. Because some vessels have more than one belly.
number of mouth
It is used to describe the mouth number. Because some vessels have more than one mouth.
<OneMouthVase without lid long neck without ring pierced handle>
The term "arrow vase" denotes pierced-handle vases of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Vase with a mouth, long neck, and pierced handles.
arrow vase
花瓶带有长颈及管状耳。
贯耳瓶
<ArrowVase square mouth slanting shoulder bulge belly square foot>
Arrow vase with a square mouth, slanting shoulder, bulge belly, and square foot.
The "arrow vase I" is a new term (neoterm) introduced to distinguish the different types of arrow vases.
arrow vase I
贯耳瓶 I
贯耳瓶带有一个方形口，斜肩，垂腹和方足。
<ArrowVase straight mouth slanting shoulder bulge belly ring foot>
Arrow vase with a straight mouth, slanting shoulder, bulge belly, and ring foot.
The "arrow vase II" is a new term (neoterm) introduced to distinguish the different types of arrow vases.
arrow vase II
贯耳瓶 II
贯耳瓶带有一个直口，斜肩，垂腹和圈足。
<ArrowVase straight mouth folding shoulder swelling body tapering downward ring foot>
Arrow vase with a straight mouth, folding shoulder, swelling body tapering downward, and ring foot.
The "arrow vase III" is a new term (neoterm) introduced to distinguish the different types of arrow vases.
arrow vase III
贯耳瓶 III
贯耳瓶带有一个直口，折肩，腹部上部丰硕下部收敛和圈足。
<OneMouthVase without lid small mouth slender neck long neck slanting shoulder without handle without ring globular belly ring foot>
The vase is so named because of its shape of awl-handle.
Vase with a small mouth, slender and long neck, slanting shoulder, globular belly, and ring foot.
awl-handle vase
花瓶带有一个小口，细长颈，斜肩，球形腹和圈足。
锤把瓶
<ClayVessel without spout, high temperature, and function for washing>
It is a clay vessel and usual used for washing. It is fired in high temperature for hardening. It does not have spout.
Clay vessel for washing, fired in high temperature, without spout.
basin
一个用于洗漱，不带流，在高温中制成的黏土容器。
It is used to indicate the belly that is below shoulder and above bottom.
abdomen
belly
body
腹部
The neck is not straight, and is bending.
bending neck
弯曲颈
Clay vessel with convergence mouth, for eating, and fired at high temperature.
<ClayVessel high temperature convergence mouth without spout function for eating>
一个瓷容器带着敛口用于吃饭。
<ClayVessel high temperature without spout function for storing liquid>
Clay vessel for storing liquid, without spout, and fired at high temperature
bottle
瓶子
Base
底部
<ClayVessel high temperature open mouth deep belly function for eating>
Clay vessel with open mouth, deep belly, for eating, and fired at high temperature.
bowl
它是一个黏土容器，在高温中硬化，它是敞口且深腹，经常用于吃饭。
<ClayVessel high temperature without neck function for storing solid>
Clay vessel for storing solid, with lid, without neck, and fired at high temperature.
box
一个黏土容器，高温制成，没有颈部，带盖，用于储存固体物品。
Refers to a broad range of alloys of copper, specifically any non-ferrous alloy of copper, tin, and zinc or other trace metals. Bronze was made before 3,000 BCE -- possibly as early as 10,000 BCE, although its common use in tools and decorative items is dated only in later artifacts. The proportions of copper and tin vary widely, from 70 to 95 percent copper in surviving ancient artifacts. Because of the copper base, bronze may be very malleable and easy to work. By the Middle Ages in Europe, it was recognized that using the metals in certain proportions could yield specific properties. Some modern bronzes contain no tin at all, substituting other metals such as aluminum, manganese, and even zinc. Historically, the term was used interchangeably with "latten." U.S. standard bronze is composed of 90% copper, 7% tin and 3% zinc. Ancient bronze alloys sometimes contained up to 14% tin.
bronze
青铜
<Vessel bronze>
Vessel was made of bronze
bronze vessel
青铜容器
青铜材料制作的容器
It is used to express the vessel mouth shape that looks like a brush washer.
brush washer shaped mouth
洗口
The shape of the belly is the bulge.
bulge belly
鼓腹
<ClayVessel high temperature function for sacrifice>
Clay vessel for sacrifice, fired at high temperature
censer
一个黏土容器，在高温中制成，主要用于祭祀。
It is used to indicate the shape of the vessel mouth that is circle mouth.
circle mouth
圆口
The shoulder looks like circle. So it is called as circle shoulder.
circle shoulder
圆肩
Naturally occurring sediments that are produced by chemical actions resulting during the weathering of rocks. It is often the term applied to all earths that form a paste with water and harden when heated.
clay
黏土
<Vessel clay>
Vessel was made of clay
clay vessel
陶瓷容器
黏土制成的容器
component
部件
It is used to indicate the foot that is not obvious in the bottom.
concave foot
卧足
<OneMouthVase without lid small mouth short neck flat shoulder without handle without ring square belly ring foot>
Vase with a small mouth, short neck, flat shoulder, square belly, and ring foot
cong vase
cong-shaped vase
琮式瓶
花瓶带有一个小口，短颈，平肩，长方体腹和圈足。
It is used to describe the foot that is the convergence.
convergence foot
敛足
It is used to describe the shape of the vessel mouth that is convergence. So it is called as convergence mouth.
convergence mouth
敛口
<ClayVessel high temperature without spout function for drinking>
Clay vessel for drinking, without spout, and fired at high temperature.
cup
一个黏土容器，在高温中成型，不带流, 用于喝水或酒。
It is used to describe the belly that looks like a cylindrical.
cylindrical belly
筒腹
It is used to describe the vessel belly that is the deep. It is often used to describe the bowl and dish.
deep belly
深腹
<ClayVessel high temperature open mouth shallow belly function for eating>
Clay vessel for eating, with open mouth, shallow belly, and fired at high temperature.
dish
一个黏土容器在高温中成型，口部敞开且浅腹，用于吃饭。
<OneMouthVase small mouth short neck without ring with slanting shoulder gourd shaped belly>
It is named for its shape of gourd.
Vase with a small mouth, short neck, slanting shoulder, and a gourd-shaped belly.
double-gourd vase
花瓶带有一个小口外形像葫芦。
葫芦瓶
<Double-gourdVase without lid without handle ring foot >
Double-gourd vase with a ring foot.
The "double-gourd vase I" is a new term (neoterm) introduced to distinguish the different types of double-gourd vases.
double-gourd vase I
葫芦瓶 I
葫芦瓶带有圈足。
<Double-gourdVase without lid ribbon shaped handles square foot>
Double-gourd vase with ribbon shaped handles and square foot.
The "double-gourd vase II" is a new term (neoterm) introduced to distinguish the different types of the double-gourd vases.
double-gourd vase II
葫芦瓶 II
葫芦瓶带有耳和方形足。
<Double-gourdVase with lid without handle ring foot>
Double-gourd vase with a lid and ring foot.
The "double-gourd vase III" is a new term (neoterm) introduced to distinguish the different types of double-gourd vases.
double-gourd vase III
葫芦瓶 III
葫芦瓶带有一个盖，圈足。
Vase with multiple lip mouths, bending neck, bulge belly, and ring foot.
<Multi-mouthVase without lid lip mouth bending neck without shoulder without handle without ring bulge belly ring foot >
double-tube vase
多管瓶
花瓶带有多个口，颈部弯曲, 鼓腹，圈足。
dragon-massk handle
螭耳
dragon shaped handle
龙耳
The shape of the belly looks like drooping.
drooping belly
垂腹
It is used to describe the period of vessels made.
dynasty
朝代
<OneMouthVase without lid outward mouth short neck slanting shoulder without handle without ring cylindrical belly without foot flat bottom>
The vase is so named because of its cylindrical belly. It is also named "elephant leg vase" because it looks like an elephant leg.
Vase with an outward mouth, short neck, cylindrical belly, without foot, and flat bottom.
cylindrical vase
elephant leg vase
rolwagen vase
sleeve vase
筒瓶
花瓶带有一个撇口，短颈，圆柱形腹，不带足且平底。
象腿瓶
elephant shaped handle
象耳
It is used to indicate the emperor when the vessel was made.
emperor
皇上
皇帝
It is used to describe the shape of the vase mouth that is the everted rim.
everted rim mouth
卷口
The handle looks like a fish.
fish shaped handle
鱼形耳
It describes the belly is flat between up and down
flat belly
扁腹
It is used to describe the bottom that is the flat bottom.
flat bottom
平底
The shoulder is flat.
flat shoulder
平肩
<OneMouthVase without lid flower shape mouth slender neck without handle without ring slanting shoulder ring foot>
flower-mouth vase
It is named for the shape of its mouth.
Vase with a flower shaped mouth, slender neck, slanting shoulder, and ring foot.
花口瓶
花瓶带有花形口，细颈，溜肩, 圈足。
flower-mouth vase I
<Flower-mouthVase long neck globular belly>
Flower-mouth vase with long neck and globular belly.
The "flower-mouth vase I" is a new term (neoterm) introduced to distinguish the different types of flower-mouth vases.
花口瓶 I
花口瓶带有长颈和球形腹。
<Flower-mouthVase short neck round belly outward foot>
Flower-mouth vase with a short neck, round belly, and outward foot.
The "flower-mouth vase II" is a new term (neoterm) introduced to distinguish the different types of flower-mouth vases.
flower-mouth vase II
花口瓶 II
花口瓶带有短颈，圆腹和外撇足。
It is used to describe the shape of the vessel mouth that looks like a flower.
flower shaped mouth
花形口
The shoulder is folded
folding shoulder
折肩
It is the foot that is used to support vessels.
foot
足部
It is used to express the vessel function.
function
功能
A vessel is used to cook food or water.
function for cooking
煮饭
A vessel is used for decoration.
function for decoration
装饰
A vessel is used for drawing water.
function for drawing water
汲水
A vessel is used to drink wine or water.
function for drinking
饮器
A vessel is used to eat food.
function for eating
食器
A vessel is used for sacrifice.
function for sacrifice
祭祀
A vessel is used for snuff. For example, In Qing dynasty of China, many people would like to snuff with snuff vase.
function for snuff
吸鼻烟
A vessel is used to store liquid.
function for storing liquid
贮存液体
A vessel is used to store solid.
function for storing solid
贮存固体
A vessel is used for washing. For example, washing hand, washing clothes.
function for washing
洗器
<OneMouthVase without lid long neck slender neck slanting shoulder without handle without ring drooping belly ring foot>
It is named for its shape.
Vase with a mouth, slender and long neck, slanting shoulder, drooping belly, and ring foot.
gall-bladder vase
gall-shaped vase
胆式瓶
花瓶带有细长颈，斜肩，垂腹，圈足。
<Gall-bladderVase small mouth >
Gall-bladder vase with a small mouth.
The "gall-bladder vase I" is a new term (neoterm) introduced to distinguish the different types of a gall-bladder vases.
gall-bladder Vase I
gall-shaped vase I
胆式瓶 I
胆式瓶带有一个小口。
<Gall-bladderVase straight mouth >
Gall-bladder vase with a straight mouth.
The "gall-bladder vase II" is a new term (neoterm) introduced to distinguish the different types of gall-bladder vases.
gall-bladder Vase II
gall-shaped vase II
胆式瓶 II
胆式花瓶带有一个直口。
<OneMouthVase garlic shaped mouth without lid without ring ring foot>
The term "garlic-head vase" denotes vases whose mouth looks like a garlic head.
Vase with a garlic shaped mouth and a ring foot.
garlic vase
garlic-head vase
garlic-mouth vase
花瓶带有蒜形口及圈足。
蒜头瓶
<Garlic-headVase short neck circle shoulder ru-yi shaped handle globular belly>
Garlic-head vase with a short neck, circle shoulder, globular belly, and ru-yi shaped handles.
The "garlic-head vase I" is a new term (neoterm) introduced to distinguish the different types of a garlic-head vases.
garlic vase I
garlic-head vase I
garlic-mouth vase I
蒜头瓶 I
蒜头瓶带有短颈，圆肩，球形腹和如意耳。
<Garlic-headVase slender neck long neck slanting shoulder without handle bulge belly>
Garlic-head vase with a slender and long neck, slanting shoulder, and a bulge belly.
The "garlic-head vase II" is a new term (neoterm) introduced to distinguish the different types of the garlic-head vases.
garlic vase II
garlic-head vase II
garlic-mouth vase II
蒜头瓶 II
蒜头瓶带有细长颈，斜肩，鼓腹。
It is used to describe the vessel mouth shape that looks like a garlic bulb.
garlic shaped mouth
蒜头形口
An amorphous, inorganic substance made by fusing silica (silicon dioxide) with a basic oxide; generally transparent but often translucent or opaque. Its characteristic properties are its hardness and rigidity at ordinary temperatures, its capacity for plastic working at elevated temperatures, and its resistance to weathering and to most chemicals except hydrofluoric acid. Used for both utilitarian and decorative purposes, it can be formed into various shapes, colored or decorated. Glass originated as a glaze in Mesopotamia in about 3500 BCE and the first objects made wholly of glass date to about 2500 BCE.
glass
玻璃
<Vessel glass>
Vessel was made of glass
glass vessel
玻璃制成容器
玻璃容器
Thin, opaque, vitreous coating that is applied to the surface of a ceramic body by painting, spraying, or dipping, in order to add color, texture, or water resistance to the object. The glaze is applied to the surface of a fired ceramic piece, and then the piece is refired at a temperature that vitrifies the glaze, but is lower than the original firing temperature. Ceramic glazes are usually mixtures of silicates, colorants, and flux.
glaze and color
釉彩
陶瓷釉
It is used to describe the shape of the belly that is globular.
globular belly
球形腹
Gold is a simple form of chemical element gold. It is a soft, golden yellow, corrosion-resistant precious metal.
gold
黄金
<Vessel gold>
Vessel was made of gold.
gold vessel
黄金制成的容器
黄金容器
The shape of belly looks like a double gourd.
gourd shaped belly
葫芦形腹
<ClayVessel high temperature trumpet shaped body function for decoration>
Clay vessel for decoration, like a trumpet, and fired at high temperature.
一个黏土容器在高温中成形，外形像一个喇叭，用于装饰。
The handle looks like a halberd.
halberd shaped handle
戟耳
It is used to indicate the handle that is in different shape on the vessel.
handle
lug
From the height perspective, the foot is divided into low foot and hight foot.
high foot
高足
It is used to indicate that the ceramic is fired at high temperature.
high temperature
高温
General term for several varieties of hard and soft, fine-grained rock composed of jadeite, nephrite, serpentine, or other mineralogically related materials; usually having a color ranging from dark green to green-white. Jade takes a high polish and has been used since prehistoric times for jewelry, small utensils, carvings, vases, and other ornamental objects. Some processing techniques have been used to enhance the color of inferior stones: B-jade has been bleached to remove brown stains, while C-jade has been impregnated with resins to increase its translucency; A-jade is untreated.
jade
<Vessel jade>
Vessel was made of jade.
jade vessel
容器用玉制成
玉容器
<ClayVessel high temperature with neck function for storing solid>
Clay vessel for storing solid, with neck, fired at high temperature.
jar
一个黏土容器在高温中成形，带有颈，用于储存固体物品。
<ClayVessel high temperature with spout function for drinking>
Clay vessel for drinking, with spout, and fired at high temperature.
jue
一个黏土容器在高温中硬化成形，带有流, 用于饮酒或水。
<ClayVessel function for storing liquid with spout with handles high temperature>
Clay vessel for storing liquid, with spout and handles, and fired at high temperature.
jug
cruche
pichet
一个黏土容器在高温中成形，带有流和把手，用于储存液体。
<OneMouthVase without lid outward mouth short neck slanting shouder without handle without ring cylindrical belly ring foot>
It is named for its shape of lantern.
Vase with an outward mouth, a short neck, slanting shoulder, cylindrical belly, and a ring foot.
lantern-shaped vase
灯笼瓶
花瓶带有一个撇口，短颈，斜肩，圆柱形腹和圈足。
It is used to express the vessel mouth that looks like large. From the qualitative perspective, the mouth is divided into large mouth and small mouth.
large mouth
大口
It is used to cover the vessel.
cover
lid
top
It is used to express the vessel mouth shape that looks like a lip. So it is called lip mouth.
lip mouth
唇口
<OneMouthVase without lid outward mouth long neck slanting shoulder without handle without ring bulge belly ring foot>
Vase with an outward mouth, long neck, slanting shoulder bulge belly, and a ring foot.
long-necked vase
花瓶带有一个撇口，长颈，鼓腹和圈足。
长颈瓶
From the length view, the neck is divided into long neck and short neck.
long neck
长颈
<OneMouthVase without lid plate shaped mouth long neck fish shaped handle with ring slanting shoulder drooping belly high foot outward foot ring foot>
Vase with a plate shaped mouth, long neck, handles, ring, slanting shoulder, drooping belly, high and outward and ring foot.
loosing ring vase
活环瓶
花瓶带有一个盘形口，长颈，带耳带环，斜肩，垂腹和高圈足外撇。
From the height perspective, the foot is divided into high foot and low foot.
low foot
矮足
It is used to indicate that the ceramic is fired at low temperature.
low temperature
低温
A physical substance that things can be made from.
material
原料
材料
<OneMouthVase without lid straight mouth slender neck Ru-Yi shaped handle without ring circle shoulder oblate belly ring foot>
It is named as "moon flask" because its belly looks like a moon.
Vase with a straight mouth, slender neck, Ru-Yi shaped handle, circle shoulder, oblate belly, and a ring foot.
moon flask
moon shaped vase
pilgrim flask
宝月瓶
抱月瓶
花瓶带有一个直口，细颈，圆肩，扁圆腹，圈足及如意耳。
It is used to indicate the vessel mouth that have different shapes.
mouth
口部
< Vase multi-mouth>
Vase with multi-mouth
multi mouth
多口
The belly contains multiprism, so it is called as multiprism belly.
multi-prism belly
多棱腹
It is used to describe the vessel neck that has different shape.
neck
颈部
The belly is the oblate shape.
oblate belly
扁圆腹
<OneMouthVase without lid small mouth slender neck long neck slanting shoulder without handle without ring globular belly without foot flat bottom>
The term "oil-hammer vase" denotes vases that look like an oil hammer tool used in China.
Vase with a small mouth, a slender and long neck, slanting shoulder, globular belly, and without foot.
oil-hammer vase
油锤瓶
花瓶带有一个小口，细长颈，斜肩，球形腹和不带足。
<OneMouthVase without lid slanting shoulder without handle without ring bulge belly ring foot>
The vase is named "olive-shaped vase" because its shape looks like an olive.
Vase with a bulge belly, a slanting shoulder, and a ring foot.
olive shaped vase
橄榄瓶
花瓶带有鼓腹，溜肩，圈足。
<Olive-shapedVase outward mouth slender neck long neck outward foot>
Olive-shaped vase with an outward mouth, slender and long neck, and outward foot.
The "olive-shaped vase I" is a new term (neoterm) introduced to distinguish the different types of olive-shaped vases.
olive-shaped vase I
橄榄瓶 I
橄榄瓶带有一个撇口，细长颈，外撇足。
<Olive-shapedVase straight mouth short neck>
Olive-shaped vase with a straight mouth and short neck.
The "olive-shaped vase II" is a new term (neoterm) introduced to distinguish the different types of olive-shaped vases.
olive-shaped vase II
橄榄瓶 II
橄榄瓶带有一个直口，短颈。
one mouth
一个口
It is used to describe the shape of the vessel mouth that is open mouth.
open mouth
敞口
It is used to express the foot shape is an outward.
outward foot
撇足
It is used to describe the shape of the vessel mouth that is outward mouth.
outward mouth
撇口
pear shaped belly
上敛下丰
<OneMouthVase without lid outward mouth slender neck slanting shoulder without handle without ring pear shaped belly ring foot>
The term "pear-shaped vase" denotes vases that look like a pear.
Vase with an outward mouth, slender neck, slanting shoulder, pear shaped belly, and ring foot.
bottle vase
pear-shaped vase
玉壶春瓶
花瓶，带有一个撇口，细颈，斜肩，梨形腹及圈足。
phoenix shaped handle
凤儿
pierced handle
贯耳
It is used to describe the mouth shape of the vessel that looks like a plate.
plate shaped mouth
盘口
<OneMouthVase small mouth short neck circle shoulder without handle without ring swelling body tapering downward ring foot>
The vase is denoted by the term "plum vase" because its mouth is small and only plum branches can be inserted into.
Vase with a small mouth, short neck, circle shoulder, swelling body tapering downward, and ring foot.
meiping
plum vase
prunus vase
一个小口，短颈，圆肩，上腹丰硕下腹收敛，带有圈足的瓶子
梅瓶
<PlumVase with lid>
Plum vase with a lid.
The "plum vase I" is a new term (neoterm) introduced to distinguish the different types of a plum vases.
meiping I
plum vase I
prunus vase I
梅瓶 I
梅瓶带有一个盖。
<PlumVase lip mouth without lid>
Plum vase with a lip mouth and without a lid.
The "plum vase II" is a new term (neoterm) introduced to distinguish the different types of a plum vases.
meiping II
plum vase II
prunus vase II
梅瓶 II
梅瓶带有一个唇形口和不带盖。
<OneMouthVase without lid outward mouth slender neck long neck slanting shoulder without handle without ring globular belly ring foot>
Vase with an outward mouth, slender and long neck, globular belly, and ring foot.
reward vase
花瓶带有一个外撇口，细长颈，球形腹，圈足。
赏瓶
The handle looks like a ribbon.
ribbon shaped handle
绶带耳
It is a ring that is usually on the handles.
ring
The foot is a ring foot.
ring foot
圈足
<OneMouthVase without lid plate shaped mouth straight neck fold shoulder without handle without ring cylindrical belly ring foot>
The vase looks like a wooden stick used for washing clothes in ancient China.
Vase with a plate shaped mouth, straight neck, fold shoulder, cylindrical belly, and ring foot.
rouleau vase
圆棒槌瓶
花瓶带有一个盘形口，直颈，折肩，圆柱形腹和圈足。
The shape of the belly is round.
round belly
圆腹
The handle looks like a Ru-yi shape, so it is called as Ru-yi handle
ru-yi shaped handle
如意耳
It is used to express the belly is the shallow. It is often used to describe the bowl or dish.
shallow belly
浅腹
It is about the shape the vessel. The characteristic is mainly used to distinguish vase and Gu.
shape of body
整体形状
From the length perspective, the neck is divided into short neck and long neck.
short neck
短颈
It is used to describe the vessel shoulder part.
shoulder
肩部
Silver is a chemical element with the symbol Ag. Silver is one of the metals known and used in ancient times. It is an important precious metal.
silver
<Vessel silver>
Vessel was made of silver.
silver vessel
用银制成的容器
银容器
The shoulder is slanting.
slanting shoulder
斜肩
From the width perspective, the neck is divided into wide neck and slender neck.
slender neck
细颈
It is used to express the vessel mouth looks small. From the qualitative perspective, the mouth is divided into large mouth and small mouth.
small mouth
小口
<ClayVessel high temperature function for snuff>
Clay vessel for snuff, fired at high temperature.
snuff bottle
flacon à tabac
一个黏土容器在高温中成形，经常用于吸鼻烟。
鼻烟壶
It is used to describe the belly that its shape is spheroid.
spheroid belly
椭球形腹
a tube-shaped opening that allows liquids to be poured out of a container
spout
It is used to indicate the belly that its shape is the square.
square belly
方腹
The foot looks like a square shape.
square foot
方足
It is used to describe the vessel mouth shape that is square mouth.
square mouth
方口
<OneMouthVase without lid outward mouth short neck flat shoulder without handle without ring square belly square foot>
Vase with an outward mouth, short neck, flat shoulder , square belly, and square foot.
square rouleau vase
方棒槌瓶
花瓶带有一个撇口，短颈，平肩，长方腹和方形足。
The foot is straight. It is neither outward nor convergence.
straight foot
直足
It is used to indicate the shape of the vessel mouth that is straight.
straight mouth
直口
The neck is straight.
straight neck
直颈
The belly is swelling body tapering downward.
swelling body tapering downward
上丰下敛
It is the temperature that the ceramic is fired for hardening.
temperature
温度
It is used to indicate the vessel shape that looks like a trumpet.
trumpet shape body
喇叭形
It is used to describe the vessel mouth shape that looks like a trumpet.
trumpet shaped mouth
喇叭形口
<Multi-mouthVase with lid brush washer shaped mouth short neck slanting shoulder without handle without ring bulge belly ring foot>
Vase is with a lid, multi-mouth of brush washer shaped mouth, short neck slanting shoulder, bulge belly, and ring foot.
conjoined vase
double vase
shuanglian ping
twin vase
双联瓶
花瓶带有盖，多个洗形口，短颈，斜肩，鼓腹和圈足。
<ClayVessel high temperature not trumpet shaped body function for decoration>
Clay vessel for decoration, fired at high temperature, and not like a trumpet.
vase
一种瓷器皿，用于装饰或插花，形状不像喇叭。
花瓶
<OneMouthVase without lid straight neck circle shoulder without handle without ring globular belly>
Vase with a straight neck, circle shoulder, and a globular belly.
globular vase
vault-of-heaven vase
天球瓶
花瓶带有直颈，丰肩，球形腹。
<Vault-of-heavenVase small mouth lip mouth without foot>
The "vault-of-heaven vase I" is a new term (neoterm) introduced to distinguish the different types of a valut-of-heaven vases.
Vault-of-heaven vase without foot and with a small and lip mouth.
vault-of-heaven vase I
天球瓶 I
天球瓶带有一个小的唇形口，不带足。
<Vault-of-heavenVase straight mouth concave foot>
The "vault-of-heaven vase II" is a new term (neoterm) introduced to distinguish the different types of a valut-of-heaven vases.
Vault-of-heaven vase with a straight mouth and concave foot.
vault-of-heaven vase II
天球瓶 II
天球瓶带有一个直口和卧足。
It is used to express the vessel in different types.
container
vessel
容器
<OneMouthVase without lid lip mouth long neck slender neck slanting shoulder without handle without lid oblate belly ring foot >
Vase with a lip mouth, a long and slender neck, slanting shoulder, oblate belly, and a ring foot.
water-chestnut vase
花瓶带有唇形口，细长颈，斜肩，扁圆腹和圈足。
荸荠扁瓶
From the width view, the neck is divided into wide neck and slender neck.
wide neck
宽颈
<OneMouthVase without lid outward mouth short neck slanting shoulder without handle without ring swelling body tapering downwards ring foot>
Vase with an outward mouth, short neck, slanting shoulder, swelling body tapering downwards, and ring foot.
willow leaf vase
willow leaf-shaped vase
柳叶瓶
美人肩
花瓶带有一个撇口，短颈，斜肩，上腹丰硕下腹收敛和圈足。
The principal tissue of trees and other plants that provides both strength and a means of conducting nutrients. Wood is one of the most versatile materials known.
wood
木材
<Vessel wood>
Vessel was made of wood.
wood vessel
木容器
用木材制成的容器
<Clay Vessel firing in high temperature open mouth wide neck with foot for storing liquid>
Clay vessel for storing liquid, with an open mouth, wide neck, foot, and fired at high temperature.
zun
它是一个用黏土在高温中烧制的瓷器，主要用于盛液体，它的口部敞开，颈部宽且带有足。
Chenghua
成化
Chongzhen
崇祯
崇禎
Daoguang
道光
Furnace Jun glaze
炉钧釉
Guangxu
光緒
光绪
Hongwu
Hung Wu
洪武
Hongzhi
弘治
Jia Jing
Jiajing
嘉靖
Jia Qing
Jiaqing
嘉庆
嘉慶
Kang Xi
Kangxi
康熙
It is one of the Red glaze
Lang yao red glaze
郎窑红
Longqing
Lung Ch'ing
隆庆
隆慶
Ming
明朝
Qian Long
Qianlong
乾隆
Qing
清朝
Ru-Yi handles
Shunzhi
順治
Tianqi
天启
天啟
Tongzhi
同治
Wan Li
Wanli
万历
萬曆
Xianfeng
咸丰
Xuan De
Xuande
宣德
Xuantong
宣統
宣统
Yong Le
Yongle
永乐
永樂
Yong Zheng
Yongzheng
雍正
Zheng De
Zhengde
正德
blue-and-white arrow vase painted lotus flowers and eight emblems, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆青花莲花托八宝纹贯耳瓶
blue-and-white arrow vase painted with lotus flowers, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆青花荷莲纹贯耳瓶
dong green glaze arrow vase, Xuantong mark of Qing dynasty
清宣统东青釉杏圆瓶
flame glaze arrow vase, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆窑变釉贯耳瓶
flame glaze arrow vase, Guangxu mark of Qing dynasty
清光绪窑变釉贯耳瓶
Ge glaze arrow vase, Qing dyansty
清哥釉贯耳穿带瓶
Flambed glazed of Jun kin arrow vase, Xuantong mark of Qing dynasty
宣统款仿钧窑变釉杏圆瓶
清雍正青花缠枝莲纹贯耳瓶
Blue-and-white arrow vase painted with interlocking lotus flowers, Yongzheng mark of Qing dynasty
ash glaze
ash glazes
灰釉
Peacock blue glaze awl-handle vase, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆孔雀蓝釉锥把瓶
Blue-and-white
blue and white
青花
The blue glaze belongs to lime alkali glaze, and is mixed with an appropriate amount of natural cobalt material as a coloring agent, and is fired once in a kiln of 1280°C - 1300°C.
blue glaze
蓝釉
celadon glaze
青瓷釉
青釉
clear glaze
透明釉
It was created in Jingtai mark of Ming dynasty. Its color is blue, so it was called cloisonne.
cloisonne
景泰蓝
dong green glaze Cong-shaped vase designed with eight divinatory trigrams, Xuantong mark of Qing dynasty
清宣统东青釉八卦纹琮式瓶
celadon glaze Cong-shaped vase designed with eight divinatory trigrams, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆青釉八卦纹琮式瓶
dong green glaze Cong-shaped vase designed with eight divinatory trigrams, Tongzhi mark of Qing dynasty
清同治冬青釉八卦纹琮式瓶
It is porcelain glaze name. It is belonged to iron red glaze. The red glaze is blown on the outer wall of the white porcelain and is cooled by low temperature.
coral-red glaze
珊瑚红釉
crystalline glaze
结晶釉
dong green glaze
东青釉
冬青釉
blue-and-white double gourd shaped vase painted with interlocking lotus flower, Chenghua mark of Ming dynasty
明成化青花缠枝莲纹葫芦瓶
blue-and-white double gourd shaped vase painted with shou word, Wanli mark of Ming
明万历青花寿字葫芦瓶
bean green glaze double gourd shaped vase, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆款豆青釉葫芦瓶
cloisonne enamel reserved panels double gourd shaped vase painted with western figures on yellow ground, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆黄地珐琅彩开光西洋人物纹绶带耳葫芦瓶
iron-red on green glaze double-gourd shaped vase painted with buts, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆松石绿地矾红彩云蝠纹葫芦瓶
乾隆冬青釉葫芦瓶
blue-and-white double-tube vase painted with fruit tree, Jingdezhen kiln, Kangxi mark of Qing dynasty
清康熙景德镇窑青花果树纹双管瓶
Doucai
斗彩
Its shape looks like a dragon-massk
Its shape looks like a dragon
dragon shaped handles
blue-and-white cylindrical vase painted with figures, Chongzhen mark of Ming dynasty
明崇祯青花人物纹瓶
five-color cylindrical vase painted with plucked branches flower and stone, Shunzhi mark of Qing dynasty.
plucked branches flower and stone pattern
清顺治五彩朵兰怪石纹筒式瓶
Its shape looks like a head of elephant.
Applying a arsenic-containing foundation to the burnt glaze, applying a pigment and then washing it with a pen, the color of the arsenic is pulverized.
famille rose
pink family
粉彩
fish shaped handles
Five color does not necessarily mean that there are only five colors in the procelain glazes, more or less than five colors of ceramics.
five color
五彩
It is an unexpected glaze effect in the cooking process
flame glaze
窑变釉
flow glaze
流青
霁青
famllie rose on green vase with flower shape mouth painted with figure, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆款绿地粉彩开光描金仕女图花口瓶
blue and white vase with flower shape mouth painted with peach tree, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
青花寿山福海纹花口瓶
Lang Yao red glaze gall-bladder vase, Kangxi mark of Qing dynasty
清康熙郎窑红小胆瓶
Ruby red gall-bladder vase, Yongzheng mark of Qing dynasty
清雍正霁红釉胆式瓶
white glaze gall-bladder vaseIncised with veiled decoration, Qing dynasty De Hua kiln
清德化窑白釉暗花胆式瓶
blue glaze red splashes gall-blader vase, Ming dynasty
明石湾窑蓝釉红斑胆式瓶
plucked branches and flower and fruit pattern
blue-and-white garlic vase painted with plucked branches and flower fruit, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆青花折枝花果纹蒜头瓶
doucai garlic-head vase with ru-yi handle , Yongzheng mark of Qing dynasty
清雍正斗彩如意耳蒜头瓶
five colors garlic vase painted with flower and dragon, Wanli mark of Ming dynasty
明万历五彩穿花龙纹蒜头瓶
powder blue glaze garlic vase designed with flowers, Yongzheng mark of Qing dynasty
清雍正粉青釉凸花如意耳蒜头瓶
white glaze garlic vase designed with coiled dragons, Jiajing mark of Ming dynasty
明嘉靖白釉塑贴红蟠螭纹蒜头瓶
Blue-and-white garlic-head porcelain vase with fish and water-weed design, the Wanli mark of Ming dynasty
明万历青花鱼藻纹蒜头瓷瓶
Ge glaze
The Ge glazed porcelain is distinguished from the color, and has various types such as moon white, gray yellow, pinkish green, grayish green, putty, and deep beige. Ge Kiln is one of the five famous kiln in the Song Dynasty. According to historical records, there is a family that family name is Zhang and had two brothers in Zhejiang Longquan Southern Song Dynasty, all of which were made of pottery. The brother's kiln was called Ge kiln and another kiln was called Longquan Kiln.
哥釉
halberd shaped handles
iron-red on green glaze
绿地矾红彩
famille rose lantern-shaped vase painted with plucked branches flowers, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆粉彩折枝花卉纹灯笼瓶
famille rose lantern-shaped vase, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆粉彩灯笼瓶
famille rose long-necked vase with outward mouth painted with children at playing, Daoguang mark of Qing dynasty
清道光粉彩婴戏图瓶
sky blue glaze long-necked vase incised with chrysanthemum, Kangxi mark of Qing dynasty
清康熙天蓝釉刻菊花纹长颈瓶
blue-and-white Bao-yue-ping painted with eight emblems, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆青花八宝纹双耳宝月瓶
Lang Yao red glaze oil-hammer vase, Kangxi mark of Qing dynasty
清康熙郎窑红釉油锤瓶
清康熙郎窑红釉细颈瓶
blue-and-white olive-shaped vase painted with interlocking double gourd flower and bats, Yongzheng mark of Qing dynasty
interlocking double gourd flower and bats pattern
清雍正青花缠枝葫芦飞蝠纹橄榄瓶
blue-and-white olive-shaped vase painted with peaches and bats, Yongzheng mark of Qing dynasty
清雍正青花桃蝠纹橄榄式瓶
blue-and-white olive-shaped vase painted with plum and birds, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆青花梅雀纹瓶
Ge green glaze olive-shaped vase, Yongzheng mark of Qing dynasty
清雍正绿哥釉小橄榄瓶
sang de boeuf olive-shaped vase, Kangxi mark of Qing dynasty
清康熙霁红釉橄榄瓶
overglaze
釉上彩
peach bloom
桃红片釉
桃色釉
blue-and-white bottle vase prainted with dragon of underglaze red, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
interlocking lotus flower and dragon pattern
清乾隆款青花釉里红龙纹玉壶春瓶
Doucai bottle vase painted with children at playing, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆斗彩婴戏图玉壶春瓶
Its shape looks like a phoenix.
凤耳
The handle looks like a pierced.
bamboo and stone and plantain leaf pattern
blue-and-white Meiping painted with bamboo and stone and banana leaf, Yongle Mark Of Ming Dynasty
明永乐青花竹石芭蕉纹梅瓶
blue-and-white Meiping painted with flower and fruit, Yongle mark of Ming dynasty
明永乐青花花果纹带盖梅瓶
blue-and-white Meiping painted with plucked branches and flower and fruit, Yongle mark of Ming dynasty
明永乐青花折枝花果纹梅瓶
famille rose plum vase painted with figures and deer, Yongzheng mark of Qing dynasty
清雍正粉彩人鹿纹梅瓶
blue-and-white Shangping painted with dragon among clouds, Tongzhi mark of Qing dynasty
清同治青花云龙纹赏瓶
blue-and-white Shangping painted with interlocking lotus flower, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆景德镇窑青花缠枝莲赏瓶
ribbon shaped handles
five colors circle rouleau procelain vase painted with figures, Kangxi mark of Qing dynasty
清康熙古彩仕女图瓷瓶
five colors rouleau vase designed with farm work and weaving, Kangxi mark of Qing dynasty
清康熙五彩耕织图瓶
blue-and-white circle rouleau vase painted with party in peach garden, Kangxi mark of Qing dynasty
清康熙青花夜宴桃李园图棒槌瓶
Ruby red glaze
祭红釉
铜红釉
霁红釉
The sky blue glaze is the name of porcelain glaze and high temperature glaze. The color of glaze is light and blue, like sky blue.
sky blue glze
天蓝釉
slip glaze
滑釉
blue-and-white square rouleau vase painted with scenery and figures, Kangxi mark of Qing dynasty
清康熙青花山水人物图方瓶
cloisonne enamel twin vase painted with children at playing, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆珐琅彩婴戏纹双连瓶
underglaze
underglazed
underglazing
釉下彩
underglaze red
釉里红
blue-and-white vase with loosing ring painted with dragon and phoenix, Wanli mark of Ming dynasty
明万历青花龙凤纹活环耳瓶
Doucai vault-of-Heaven vase painted with medallion, Yongzheng mark of Qing dynasty
清雍正斗彩团花纹天球瓶
blue-and-white vault-of-heaven vase painted with dragon among clouds, Xuande mark of Ming dynasty
明宣德款青花海水云龙纹天球瓶
famille rose vault-of-Heaven vase painted with children at playing, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆粉彩婴戏天球瓶
pink family vault-of-heaven vase painted with peach pattern, Yongzheng mark of Qing dynasty
清雍正粉彩蟠桃纹天球瓶
blue-and-white vault-of-heaven vase painted dragon and cloud in underglaze red, Qianlong mark of Qing dynasty
清乾隆青花釉里红云龙纹天球瓶
blue-and-white vault-of-heaven vase painted with interlocking flowers, Xuande mark of Ming dynasty
明宣德青花缠枝花纹天球瓶
Doucai vase in the shape of Water-chestnut painted with entwines vines, Chenghua mark of Ming dynasty
明成化斗彩蔓草纹瓶
white glaze
白釉
pale yellow glaze Willow-leaf-shaped vase, Yongzheng mark of Qing dynasty
清雍正淡黄釉瓶
yellow glaze
黄釉